How Does Kava Work? The Science of Kavalactones and Relaxation

Short answer: Kava's active compounds, called kavalactones, are thought to interact with the body's GABA system, the same signalling pathway involved in relaxation and settling the mind. This is believed to underlie the calm feeling kava is known for. The exact mechanisms are still being studied and are not fully understood.

The GABA Connection

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the brain's main "slow down" signal. Research suggests kavalactones modulate GABA-A receptors, which may help explain kava's relaxing quality. A study from the University of Sydney, published in PLOS ONE in 2016, was among the first to show a major kavalactone (kavain) directly enhancing GABA-A receptor function, and not through the same site that prescription sedatives such as benzodiazepines use. That is a meaningful distinction: kava's profile is its own, not a copy of pharmaceutical sedatives.

More Than One Pathway

The science points to several possible effects beyond GABA, including action on ion channels and other neurochemical systems. Because kavalactones are fat-soluble, they interact with cell membranes broadly, which may be why kava has such a distinctive feel.

The bottom line: researchers have good leads, but the full picture is still being worked out.

Why Your Mouth Goes a Bit Numb

That temporary tingling or numbing on the lips and tongue is a well-known, harmless local effect of kavalactones, and a quick sign your kava is active.

Important Cautions

• Do not mix kava with alcohol.
• Kava may interact with medications and with the liver, and products may carry a "may harm the liver" warning.
• Talk to a health professional before using kava if you take other medicines or have a health condition.

FAQ

Does kava work like Valium or other sedatives?
Kava interacts with the GABA system, as some sedatives do, but research indicates it works through different sites, so it is not equivalent to a benzodiazepine.

How long does kava take to work?
Many people notice a relaxed feeling within roughly 15 to 30 minutes, though this varies with the product, dose and individual.

Why does kava numb my mouth?
It is a normal, temporary effect of the kavalactones contacting the tissue in your mouth.